The ICBPC centre is located in southwestern China, a region bearing high animal and plant biodiversity, covering Yunnan and Tibet and home to more than 26 human cultural and ethnic groups and more than 15 nonhuman primate species. In particular, several World Heritage Sites are present in this region, most notably the Three Parallel Rivers (Yangtze, Mekong, and Salween). This region is considered a global ‘hotspot’ that includes high plateaus, tropical and subtropical forests, evergreen and deciduous broad-leafed forests, coniferous forests, and alpine shrubs and meadows. The three major rivers make unique contributions to the biological diversity of 15,000 plant species, 250 species of mammals, and 780 species of birds. Fifteen of China’s 25 species of nonhuman primates inhabit Yunnan and Tibet Provinces, including two Vulnerable, lorises (Nycticebus), four Vulnerable or Near Threatened macaques (Macaca), one Least Concern macaque, three Endangered leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus), two species of Endangered or Critically Endangered snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus), and three Critically Endangered species of gibbons (Nomascus and Hoolock).